Polish resistance
Poland’s contribution to the defeat of Nazi Germany is sometimes reduced to a few famous episodes, the defense of Warsaw, the Battle of Britain, Monte Cassino, or the Warsaw Uprising. … Continue reading
Stalin’s Great Terror
On this day, August 11, 1937, one of the most extensive campaigns of ethnic persecution during Stalin’s Great Terror began. Nikolai Yezhov, head of the Soviet NKVD, signed Order No. … Continue reading
Polish female prisoners of Ravensbrück
The Genocide of the Ethnic Poles Edward Reid In September 1939, only weeks after Germany invaded Poland, the first Polish women began arriving at Ravensbrück, marking the beginning of one … Continue reading
July 15, 1410 – The Battle of Grunwald Begins
On this day in 1410, as the summer sun rose over the fields near the villages of Grunwald, Stębark, and Łodwigowo, tens of thousands of soldiers prepared for a battle … Continue reading
History Requires Context Before Judgment
I have often thought that the Polish people are, above all, survivors. Few nations have endured what Poland has: repeated invasions, occupations, mass executions, deportations, concentration camps, forced labor, and … Continue reading
Post-war trauma
Can trauma and depression be passed down through generations? Yes, and in Poland, that inheritance seems etched into the national identity. Poland is not merely a country defined by its … Continue reading
Germany has a debt to Poland
There were approximately 15 to 20 nationalities represented within the SS forces (including the Waffen-SS and auxiliary police) in occupied Poland in 1944. The exact number is difficult to pinpoint … Continue reading
Netanyahu’s historical ignorance
In the clearest and strongest terms, it was the Polish nation that demonstrated courage amidst the genocide of the Jews by formally appealing for Allied action against German atrocities. On … Continue reading
The Second Betrayal of Poland
When the NKVD Came: The Second Betrayal of Poland For many people outside Eastern Europe, the story of Poland in the Second World War begins and ends with Nazi Germany. … Continue reading
The Danger of Losing Our Humanity in Holocaust Dialogue
When discussions about the Holocaust or the Second World War become arguments over whose suffering counts and whose does not, something essential is lost. The tragedy of that era was … Continue reading
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